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CSS Transitions

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CSS Transitions #

CSS transitions allows you to change property values smoothly, over a given duration.

 Mouse over the element below to see a CSS transition effect:

CSS

In this chapter you will learn about the following properties:

  • transition
  • transition-delay
  • transition-duration
  • transition-property
  • transition-timing-function

Browser Support for Transitions #

The numbers in the table specify the first browser version that fully supports the property.

Property chrome Internet explorer Mozila Firefox Safari Opera
transition 26.0 10.0 16.0 6.1 12.1
transition-delay 26.0 10.0 16.0 6.1 12.1
transition-duration 26.0 10.0 16.0 6.1 12.1
transition-property 26.0 10.0 16.0 6.1 12.1
transition-timing-function 26.0 10.0 16.0 6.1 12.1

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How to Use CSS Transitions? #

To create a transition effect, you must specify two things:

  • the CSS property you want to add an effect to
  • the duration of the effect

Note: If the duration part is not specified, the transition will have no effect, because the default value is 0.

The following example shows a 100px * 100px red <div> element. The <div> element has also specified a transition effect for the width property, with a duration of 2 seconds:

 
div { width: 100px; height: 100px; background: red; transition: width 2s; }

The transition effect will start when the specified CSS property (width) changes value.

Now, let us specify a new value for the width property when a user mouses over the <div> element:

div:hover { width: 300px; }

Notice that when the cursor mouses out of the element, it will gradually change back to its original style.


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Change Several Property Values #

The following example adds a transition effect for both the width and height property, with a duration of 2 seconds for the width and 4 seconds for the height:

div { transition: width 2s, height 4s; }

Specify the Speed Curve of the Transition #

The transition-timing-function property specifies the speed curve of the transition effect.

The transition-timing-function property can have the following values:

  • ease – specifies a transition effect with a slow start, then fast, then end slowly (this is default)
  • linear – specifies a transition effect with the same speed from start to end
  • ease-in – specifies a transition effect with a slow start
  • ease-out – specifies a transition effect with a slow end
  • ease-in-out – specifies a transition effect with a slow start and end
  • cubic-bezier(n,n,n,n) – lets you define your own values in a cubic-bezier function

The following example shows some of the different speed curves that can be used:

#div1 {transition-timing-function: linear;} #div2 {transition-timing-function: ease;} #div3 {transition-timing-function: ease-in;} #div4 {transition-timing-function: ease-out;} #div5 {transition-timing-function: ease-in-out;}

Delay the Transition Effect #

The transition-delay property specifies a delay (in seconds) for the transition effect.

The following example has a 1 second delay before starting:

Example #

div { transition-delay: 1s; }

Transition + Transformation #

The following example adds a transition effect to the transformation:

Example #

div { transition: width 2s, height 2s, transform 2s; }

More Transition Examples #

The CSS transition properties can be specified one by one, like this:

Example #

div { transition-property: width; transition-duration: 2s; transition-timing-function: linear; transition-delay: 1s; }

or by using the shorthand property transition:

 
div { transition: width 2s linear 1s; }

CSS Transition Properties #

The following table lists all the CSS transition properties:

Property Description
transition A shorthand property for setting the four transition properties into a single property
transition-delay Specifies a delay (in seconds) for the transition effect
transition-duration Specifies how many seconds or milliseconds a transition effect takes to complete
transition-property Specifies the name of the CSS property the transition effect is for
transition-timing-function Specifies the speed curve of the transition effect

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